ABSTRACT The startup operation of distillation columns is one of the most complex steps performed in the industry. This complexity becomes even greater for thermally coupled extractive distillation systems. Thermally coupled configurations are commonly used in order to minimize the excessive amount of energy required to perform distillation. In view of this, this study aimed to develop a startup procedure for the thermally coupled extractive distillation system to obtain anhydrous ethanol by simulation using the computational package Aspen Plus Dynamics. From the startup procedure developed, the complex dynamic behavior of the system under study was analyzed (strong interaction between variables). Large variations in the stripping section of the extractive column were observed, resulting from the variation of the molar density of the liquid mixture in addition to the delay in the startup operation when the amount of ethanol in the recovery column increases.

Resumo Spodoptera frugiperda é uma praga voraz de diversas culturas de importância econômica no Novo Mundo. No Brasil, suas larvas podem ser atacadas por diversas espécies de vespas parasitóides que são candidatos a agentes de controle biológico contra essa praga. Pesquisando os parasitóides da fauna de Spodoptera frugiperda em cultivos de milho no Brasil foram encontradas duas espécies do gênero Campoletis, muito similares morfologicamente. Este trabalho apresenta uma redescrição para Campoletis sonorensis usando caracteres morfológicos e DNA Barcoding (Hebert et al., 2003) com o objetivo de evitar erros de identificação desse grupo, aprimorando estudos de controle biológico.

Abstract The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is a voracious pest of numerous crops of economic importance throughout the New World. In Brazil, its larvae are attacked by several species of parasitoid wasps, making them potential candidate as biological control agents against this pest. A survey of the parasitoid fauna on S. frugiperda in maize crops throughout Brazil reveals two species of Campoletis, which are morphologicaly very similar species. In this paper we combine these data with pictures from the type material of C. sonorensis and C. flavicincta, as well as their descriptions to provide a redescription to Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron, 1886) using for this both morphological characters and DNA Barcoding (Hebert et al., 2003) information, in an attempt to help with the correct identification of the taxa to improve biological control studies.

Considerando que a Aromaterapia vem ao longo do tempo se consolidando como prática de grande relevância no tratamento de infecções e outras doenças do homem, decidiu-se produzir um levantamento exploratório bibliográfico desde sua origem até os dias atuais, com o intuito de acentuar cada vez mais a curiosidade e o conhecimento sobre essa arte e ciência milenar, que se apoia no uso racional dos óleos essenciais.

Over time, Aromatherapy has consolidated itself as a traditional and important practice for the treatment of infections and diseases of men. The purpose of the study is to conduct an exploratory literature review that encompasses its origin and its present-day scenario. Our intention is to call attention to the curiosity and knowledge that exists about this ancient art and science, which is based on the rational use of essential oils.

Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo das propriedades elétricas de blocos varistores à base de SnO2. Foram avaliadas a não linearidade destas cerâmicas por meio da caracterização tensão-corrente, bem como a altura, largura e os portadores de cargas por espectroscopia de impedância, além das energias de ativação. Os valores de α foram relativamente baixos sendo o maior valor de 6,3 para o sistema 98,65%SnO2.1,00%Co2O3.0,05%Nb2O5.0,05%Cr2O3.0,25%Pr2O3 (SCNCrPr). O sistema 98,65%SnO2.1,00%Co2O3.0,05%Nb2O5. 0,05%Cr2O3.0,25%La2O3 (SCNCrLa) apesar de apresentar um tamanho médio de grão pequeno 1,66 μm, possuiu um valor muito baixo de Er, o que pode está associado a não formação de barreiras efetivas na região de contorno de grão, gerando uma corrente de fuga elevada da ordem de 230 μA.

This paper reports on a study of the electrical properties of SnO2-based varistor blocks. The nonlinearity of these ceramics was evaluated based on their voltage-current characteristics, while the height, width and charge carriers were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy and activation energies. The α values were relatively low, with the SCNCrPr system showing the highest value: 6.3. Although the average grain size of the SCNCrLa system was small, i.e., 1.66 μm, its Er value was very low, which may be attributed to the non-formation of effective barriers in the grain boundary region, thus generating a high leakage current in the order of 230 μA.

The effect of six diets with a different plant protein content on the growth of Cichlasoma urophthalmus fingerlings, was determined. Isoenergetic and isolipidic diets with a protein content of 10% to 60% were formulated using soybean and wheat gluten as the main protein sources. The treatments did not affect survival, which was above 80% in all cases. The growth indices varied significantly according to the protein content of the diets, and the specific growth rate with the diets with a protein content greater than 30% was comparable to that obtained by other authors using animal protein.

Se determinó el efecto de seis dietas con diferente contenido de proteína de origen vegetal sobre el crecimiento de alevines de Cichlasoma urophthalmus. Se utilizaron dietas isoenergéticas e isolipídicas con contenido de proteína entre 10% y 60%, empleando soya y gluten de trigo como las principales fuentes proteicas. Los tratamientos no afectaron la supervivencia, la cual fue superior al 80% en todos los casos. Los índices de crecimiento variaron significativamente de acuerdo al contenido proteico de las dietas, siendo la tasa de crecimiento específica en las dietas con más de 30% de proteína comparable a las obtenidas por otros autores utilizando proteínas de origen animal.

Growth (dry weight increase), survival and resistance to saline stress were estimated for Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae fed enriched Artemia franciscana (Kellog, 1906) nauplii. Stages PL5 to PL10, PL10 to PL30, and PL20 to PL40 were studied. Diets consisted of: 1) A. franciscana nauplii enriched with an emulsion of soybean lecithin and cod liver oil (NA+L+AHB), 2) A. franciscana nauplii enriched with a commercial emulsion (NA+IKA W3), and 3) non-enriched A. franciscana nauplii as control (NANE). No diet affected the growth of the bigger postlarvae (PL20-40) (p = 0.351), however significantly greater growths (p < 0.05) were observed in the younger (PL5-10) and intermediate age (PL10-30) postlarvae when fed the two diets with enriched A. franciscana nauplii. The dry weight increase of PL5-10 and PL10-30 was not statistically different when using the two diets with enriched A. franciscana nauplii (p > 0.05). No diet affected survival or the resistance to saline stress in the three age groups (p > 0.05). It is concluded that it is more important to insure a proper feeding of the early postlarvae than to reinforce the feeding of the more advanced stages.

Se estimó el crecimiento (incremento en peso seco), la supervivencia y la resistencia a un estrés salino en postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei alimentadas con nauplios enriquecidos de Artemia franciscana (Kellog, 1906). Se estudiaron los estadios de PL5 a PL10, de PL10 a PL30, y de PL20 a PL40. Las dietas consistieron en: 1) nauplios de A. franciscana enriquecida con una emulsión de lecitina de soya y aceite de hígado de bacalao (NA+L+AHB), 2) nauplios de A. franciscana enriquecida con una emulsión comercial (NA+IKA W3), y 3) nauplios de A. franciscana no enriquecida como control (NANE). Ninguna de las dietas influyó en el crecimiento de las postlarvas mayores (PL20-40) (p = 0.351). En las postlarvas menores (PL5_10) y de edad intermedia (PL10-30) se observó un crecimiento significativamente mayor (p < 0.05) cuando fueron alimentadas con ambas dietas de A. franciscana enriquecida. El incremento en peso seco de PL5-10 y PL10-30 no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se emplearon las dos dietas de nauplios de Artemia franciscana enriquecidos (p > 0.05). Ninguna dieta afectó la supervivencia ni la resistencia al estrés en los tres grupos de postlarvas analizados (p > 0.05). Se concluye que es más importante garantizar una apropiada alimentación de las postlarvas menores que reforzar la alimentación en las postlarvas más avanzadas.

In this work, applications of exergy and economic concepts to compression, heat exchange, and separation processes were used for calculation of the irreversibility rate, thermodynamic efficiency, and internal rate of return (IRR) of the profitability. A case study based on a real process, the purification of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) in a high-purity distillation column, is presented. This column has the highest steam flow rate in any vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plant. A configuration using a vapor compression heat pump is proposed for improvement of the energy efficiency without having to make important process modifications. Existing and proposed configurations were implemented using the Aspen Plus™ commercial simulator; the results of the existing configuration were validated with data extracted from the plant. The objective of this work was to compare the existing configuration with the proposed one, using a thermodynamic and an economic approach.

This study determines the velocity and temperature fields as well as the average Nusselt number (Nu h) on a vertical isothermic wall inside a partially open rectangular cavity. The conservation equations are solved using a finite element method. The numerical results show that the higher the Reynolds and Grashof numbers, the greater is the heat transfer on the isothermal hot wall. For low Reynolds numbers (Re), the Nusselt numbers (Nu h) obtained in the present work were close to those found for natural convection in a rectangular closed cavity. From the thermal and geometric parameters studied, it is concluded that it is possible to improve the efficiency of cooling of the interior of a partially open rectangular cavity

En este trabajo se determina el campo de velocidades, de temperatura, y el número de Nusselt medio (Nu h) en la superficie isotérmica vertical del interior de una cavidad rectangular semiabierta. Las ecuaciones de conservación se resuelven usando el método de elementos finitos. Los resultados numéricos mostraron que cuanto mayor el número de Reynolds o de Grashof, mayores fueron los flujos de transferencia de calor obtenidos para la superficie isotérmica caliente. Para valores bajos de Reynolds (Re), el número de Nusselt (Nu h) obtenido se encontraba muy próximo a los resultados obtenidos del número de Nusselt (Nu h), para el caso de problemas de convección natural en una cavidad rectangular cerrada. Se concluye que a partir de los parámetros térmicos y geométricos estudiados, es posible mejorar el rendimiento del enfriamiento en el interior de la cavidad rectangular semiabierta

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de doença coronária aterosclerótica (DCA) e/ou isquemia miocárdica em pacientes (pt) com alterações do segmento ST restritas à fase de recuperação (ASTRR) do teste ergométrico. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo em 19 pacientes não consecutivos com ASTRR, através da cinecoronariografia e/ou cintigrafia de esforço planar. Amostra de 18 homens, uma mulher, com idade de 58 ± 9 anos, 18 sintomáticos. RESULTADOS: ASTRR correspondem a segmentos ST infra-desnivelados de 1 a 4 mm da linha de base, com inversão da onda T durante a recuperação precoce (2pt), tardia (14 pt). Foi documentada DCA em 14 pt (nove submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização); miocardiopatia hipertensiva com coronárias normais em 3 pt e prolapso de válvula mitral em 1 pt. Em 13 casos a cinecoronariografia e/ou cintilografia de esforço foram realizados dentro de seis meses do Teste Ergométrico, sendo a presença de DCA e ou isquemia miocárdica detectadas em 8 pt. Em 3 pt, testes ergométricos sucessivos mostraram ASTRR reprodutíveis em dois casos. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores relatam a elevada prevalência de DCA e ou hipoperfusão transitória na cintigrafia de esforço em homens sintomáticos de meia idade com ASTRR no teste de esforço.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) and or myocardial ischemia in patients (pt) with abnormal ST segments restrict to recovery phase (RRAST) of exercise testing (ET). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study in 19 non consecutive pt with RRAST, related to coronary arteriography or exercise planar scyntillography (18 men, 58 ± 9 years, 18 asymptomatic). RESULTS: RRAST corresponded to ST segment depression from 1 to 4 mm, with T inversion during early recovery (2pt); late (14 pt) or both (4pt). It was documented CAD (14 pt and 9) with artery-by-pass surgery); hypertensive myocardiopathy with normal coronary (3 pt), and mitral prolapse valve (1 pt).In 13 pt with coronary arteriography or exercise scyntillography, within the first 6 months from exercise testing, myocardial ischemia was confirmed in 8 pt in 3 pt, successive exercise testing showed RRAST reproductive in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The authors report the high incidence of CAD and or transitory hypoperfusion during myocardial scyntillography in symptomatic men with middle age with RRAST during exercise testing.